Environmental Training – A Must for Today's Industries and Businesses

Introduction

As society becomes more industrialized and dependent upon factory production and industrialised services, it becomes all the more essential for organizations and business to protect the environment from hazards like pollutants, chemicals, contamination, and such. Hence, for such companies who do not fully understand their liability towards the environment, it becomes mandatory for their business owners to undergo environmental training. Today, environmental training is becoming more and more vital for the emerging organization in the 21st century.

An essential component

Environmental training is an essential component of a company's overall responsibility towards meeting its environmental objective. The overall mission of environmental training is to ensure that the business owner is sensitized towards the importance of maintaining a pristine environment and avoid or minimize any further environmental damage due to the operations of his business or industry.

A vast area

Environmental training is a vast area, which is undertaken by several organizations around the globe. These organizations provide general to in-depth environmental awareness to the members of the workforce. Besides giving employees an overview of the issues affecting the environment, they are also made aware of the company's policy along with making them aware of a range of environmental management systems.

The focus

The focus of environment training is to make workers aware that all businesses have a duty to ensure environment sanitation and all waste products are handled safely according to the due process of the law. This responsibility called duty of care applies to all those who run businesses that have the potential to produce waste and/or damage the environment.

Thus, every organization is made to understand that the environment is pristine and needs care rather than wanton disregard and neglect. A framework of regulations and a mesh of legislation also govern the duty of various industries and businesses towards maintaining the status quo when it comes to the environment. Care must also be taken that once the certification is obtained, the responsibility towards the environment improves than before.

Closing Thoughts

It is essential that all environmental training is conducted through government accredited schools at the federal or state level. These schools offer training and conferences throughout the year and you can easily enrol your company or business for your participation. This helps you to be more environmentally responsible, thereby helping you promote your business in a green manner and also earning more goodwill in the long run.

Designing Effective Effluent Treatment Plant

The effluent treatment plant is designed for treating the effluent coming from various areas of the plant. The treatment of different effluent varies with the type of effluent. Industrial water contains many impurities and therefore highly effective Effluent Treatment Plant is required. Effluent Treatment plant design needs to be must take into consideration several factors. Characteristics of effluent that need to be considered for ETP plant design is the flow of the effluent along with biological, chemical and physical properties that affect the quality of effluent.

Some of the features of effective effluent treatment plant are-

 •Sturdy construction
 •Resistant to corrosion
 •Superior performance
 •Rapid installation
 •Flexible in reworking
 •Less civil work involved Designing of Effluent Treatment Plant

Characteristics of effluent are necessary to be considered in etp Plant design. One can decide how large the effluent plant will be depending upon the estimated inflow into the plant which is typically estimated in cubic metres per year. To get the hydraulic computation right in Effluent Treatment Plant, it is important to get the right estimates of variations in the inflow in order to get the hydraulic computation right. This also helps in correctly determining the size of conveying pipes and channels.

It is important that effluent treatment plant is built scalably as in the future the inflow of effluent increases. There are seasonal variations in the size of inflow. It may happen that in day there is larger inflow than in the night. Flow needs to be stabilised to make it constant or near constant for an effective effluent treatment plant design.This prevents functioning of treatment processes downstream. This can be achieved through the use of equalisation tanks or ponds.

Toxic substances in the effluent can affect the treatment processes. This can be reduced by dilution of toxic effluent by mixing it in equalisation ponds with effluents having lesser toxic content.

Effluent treatment plant design should be such that it is able to bear shocks during festive time and other occasions.

Physical characteristics of effluent like the colour of effluent, solids in it, its temperature and odour are also taken into account. Suspended solids indicate the poor quality of effluent which is difficult to treat.Solids may consist of grease, floating debris or oil slicks. This indicates absence of any form of pre-treatment of the effluent.

Another important thing that one need to consider in Effluent Treatment Plant design is the temperature of the effluent as an unfavourable temperature condition can impede the important biological and chemical processes. Also the solubility of important gases like oxygen is affected. At higher temperature of effluent various reactions may occur. It also promotes the solubility of oxygen in the effluent.

Scarcity of water also needs to be considered as then better technologies are needed.

ETP design is such that the required characteristics of effluent comply with the prescribed norms. If there is a risk that underground water may deplete in future or may get polluted or the soil may get polluted then effluent treatment plant needs the use of better technologies.

Purpose of EMS(Environmental Management System

Purpose of EMS(Environmental Management System

 Considering the EMS,

 What is basic purpose of this? Why we need EMS?

An Environmental management systems/environmental management plan is a set of procedures that organization and companies use for management of environmental bad impact caused by products and services. An EMS controls all effect coming from any products and services which is harmful for an environment. It helps to reduce negative impacts. Companies and organization get benefit by installing an EMS in both public and private sectors.

An EMS has basic elements and it serves different functions. They have functions like:

 ->One of them element used by an organization ,it is a review of their goals
. ->An element analyses the impact the company makes on the environment
 ->An element ensures that they are following all legal requirements
-> An element sets objectives to reduce all bad and negative impacts.
 ->An element establish programs and procedures to ensure all goals are satisfied , monitors progress and implement improvements in an EMS constantly

 All elements are combined and made cycle and this cycle includes planning, implementing, reviewing and improving. Objectives of an EMS Modern environmental management has main 2 objectives:

1.Prevention

->It is about regulatory compliance. It is like to prevent which harms to environment. There are many strategies for preventing negative impacts. Waste treatment technologies are included in prevention. Today the clean air act, clean water act, and safe drinking water act are relied on prevention.

2.Clean-up

->It is about fixing mistakes. Mistakes come in either historical events before we knew or better and more recent mishaps. Superfund focuses on clean-up. Handling of hazardous waste and clean-up problems from earlier hazardous are included in clean-up. Goals The goals of EMS are to reduce waste and increase compliance.

1.Waste Reduction ->It goes beyond compliance for reducing negative impact to environment. An environmental management system helps to reduce impact, develop and implement policies ,it helps to manage ,coordinate and monitor environmental policies. For pollution prevention and waste minimization waste reduction is designed. It is reduced by recycling.

2.Compliance ->It is the act to maintain and reach minimal standards legally. The organizations and companies may face government fines and intervention and they may not be able to operate because of government rules.

For these goals ,the selection committee of an EMS sets criteria: Capable to handle high frequency data, high performance indicators, transparency of data handling and processing, Powerful engine, factor handling customization, multiple integration capabilities, workflow automation and quality check processes.

Benefits of an EMS

 -> Reduce waste

 ->Reduce Energy cost

->Minimize environmental negative impact

 ->improve compliance 

->Improve corporate performance, image and profit ->Increase understanding of employees through the environmental concerns. 

 An EMS removes the complications which are coming with monitoring objectives and compliance requirements.

 Standards

 An environmental management plan or system has some standards certification like ISO 14001 certification. ISO 14001 is globally accepted for environmental protection. ISP 1400 covers environmental management ,and ISO 14001 is part of this. ISO 14001 addresses different standards for business in many type of industries. ISO 14001 offers framework to EMS regarding their attitudes of policies and how they handle problems. Prior an EMS have framework but now a days they have cycle.

What is the Basic History of Environmental Management Systems

What is Environmental Management Plan/Systems(EMP/EMS)?

Environmental Management Plan/Systems is management of an environmental programs in a planned, systematic and documented way. If we want to manage to care about environment then we have to manage such processes in such way that execute correct. So for this we need good structure, resources and planning to develop, implement and maintain  policy for environmental protection. 

There are many organization which teach EMS  as a basic course. In this they integrates processes and train personnel. EMS is an Information Technology solution combined with Chemical and Biological Processes.

History

An Environmental Management System is used for making possible for an organization  or government to reduce the  bad impact of environment which is done by any human, animal or nature. EMS includes the life cycle of products. Considering  five different places then there are five different EMS for each nd every building.

   

First of all, The master document is needed for reviewing all of these systems which are connected to one another .From this document the picture of entire operation become clear. As we know there are different EMS for different buildings but if there are different buildings in same location we can include them in same EMS. 

EMS is reviewed periodically while implementing, so it can be adjusted and improved .So it has cyclic nature like test it and improve it.

1)First process is like identify factors which harms an environment  and what operation exist  and how they affect to nature.

2) Second step is how can be they changed and when the changes are put in to practice.

3) Third process is  to watch out how effective the changes are and they are beneficial or not?

4)Fourth step is if any more changes are required or not?

EMS was still implemented by several companies in informal way ,before it was used in standard formal way. There were many procedures In that and they were separated from each other with regulations despite combined to each other. And  the systems were reviewed time by time. If there is any issue it would be correct by time. 

In 1996, The International Standard Organization set a series of standard that made it possible for organization and government to measure all standards of EMS and if there is any problem it gives improvisation to them. It helped to create universal standard for all over the world so measurement would become easy to all without individual regulations. 

They provide ISO 14000 and ISO 14001 series for this purpose.

->ISO 14000 series guide for proper and perfect implementation .

->ISO 14001 consider 17 basic requirements which are required for voluntary organization’s standard.

Rules For ISO standards

· The organization or any company is required to have an environmental policy that is clearly followed.

· The company is required legal requirements ,rules and regulations relevant to particular area EMS.

· All services and products must be analysed so it couldn’t harmful to environment.

· Goals, roles and responsibilities are set for any organization and taken care if they work as plan or not!

· They provide guidelines for that and process of communication which must be followed by organization or company.

· The organization required documentation ,and document must have procedures and elements of EMS.

Frequently Asked Questions About Sewage Treatment | Chokhavatia Associates

People have many question about Sewage treatment and its plant ,because they don’t have total knowledge about this and you never know when you might have to deal with this treatment in future. There are some FAQs given below which often discuss.

1.What is the major difference between Sewage treatment plant, septic tank and CESS pit? What can I use septic tank or sewage treatment plant? 

->There are three types of treatment system in use: Sewage Treatment Plant:-Higher level of treatment than septic tanks and provides Consent of Discharge is in place. Purified water is reusable .Modern Plants are preferred for this treatment. Septic Tank:-It provides minimum treatment. It is a system that flows effluents out and retained solid waste in tank, until not doing the tank empty. It clears water from chemical effluents and makes better environment and water also. It is used for small domestic developments. Cess Pit:-It is also called Cesspools.

It simply holds tank which is emptied by tanker basically. There is no treatment in this. It has large structure and not suitable due to operating cost. It is the least useful plant. 

2.What is the custom designed plants of sewage treatment?

 ->The plants which are design as we want ,they don’t have particular plant pattern called custom designed plants. If we want purified water we make wastewater treatment plant, sometime biological treatment plants are useful. Many Eco water systems make their own sewage treatment plants. 

 3.Why my Sewage treatment plant is smell? Is there any issue about it?

 ->Sometimes the arrangement goes improper ,and it is a septic tank ,it has drain pipes. The pipes must be sealed and connected to correct location. Disposal of Septic tanks must have right intervals. How to forget it is a biological aeration plant, so it integrates an aeration process. So if smell detect than go through the manufacturer’s guidance. 

4.What is “Consent to Discharge”? and how long does it take to get it?In India is there any legal document ? 

-> Consent to Discharge is a legal document or No objection certificate which is provided by local environmental agency. They have authority to measure parameters of treated sewage which satisfy their rules and reuse water to other system.

->They set specific time period for particular sewage treatment plant by its performance.

 ->In India individual homes are not require NOC or CTD. But Industries and other organization require legal document for further process. 

 5.What is BOD5?

BOD means “Biological Oxygen Demand”, and ‘5’ stands for 5 days long test to carry out. First of all it measures the pollutant’s strength and organic value of an effluent. Then after it goes for incubation and measuring oxygen level. The sample is incubated at 20̊C for 5 days. This process is done many times until oxygen level is not set. It represents microorganisms’ level of activity which are present in the effluent. The activity level should match the level of pollutant’s strength and organic value of an effluent. So it is directly proportional to each other. In some process oxygen will be depleted if an effluent is strong for aquatic environment.

These are some FAQs related to Sewage Treatment Plant .Hope these are useful.

I want to pursue Environmental Service. Is it beneficial or not

What are the environmental services?

A service which refer to nature’s capacity to provide qualitative functions of life and comfort-that is land, water and air and ecosystem( pure air, purified water, fertile soils, nutritious food ,Biodiversity and so on.).So basically nature provides services but we have to maintain these services. So services performed by nature called environmental services.

There are three environmental services:-

Productive or manufacturing services:->Provides natural resources i and give space for production. Disposal services:->Provides Soaking up sink for leftovers.
Consumption services:->Provides needs of human beings which are physiological ,recycler and being use again. Career in Environmental services

According to research there are thousands of businesses and millions of people working for environmental services. People who want to take active role towards environment ,generals safety, health management ,a career in the environmental services industry may be right choice .Person who pursue environmental service prevent risk in the world or remove risk for that. They ensure people that they can live safe and healthy lives.

This service has a big range of opportunities available and, not always highly-paid, but you can get job satisfaction . Below is a list of some occupational areas that gives you an idea of the breadth of options. The jobs within this area can be very varied so be flexible for job role expectations.

Basic category of career option in Environmental Service:- Environmental Health Department:-

The health department consist two types of services one is construction or manufacturing second is inspection. For construction area they have to manufacture or recycle or purify or improve quality products which are related to environment. Considering that health issues which are relate to environment construction is include in that job. Now second is inspection, it is mostly concern to food industry. Checking food quality, preparing food area, water is drinkable or not, personal hygiene are factors include in this particular service. This division people handle citizen’s complaint. Through the investigation this people resolve the issue. They have to provide care to people include hospitals, nursing homes, psychiatric units and many other housing cares.

Business Department of environmental Services:-

To build up a growth of our country business department is very important section of environmental service. Who is working in this area have to handle the complaint from business related issue. They conduct the issue of permits and bill for necessary service. They are engaged in Environmental Policy, Management and Planning which are usually work in government .Collecting fees ,financial situations, payroll functions are also include in this. There are so many jobs like Environmental risk management, Financial management, Auditing etc..

Waste water management:-

To get purified water or recycle from waste water, we have waste water management . This employees inspect system that involve plumbing .This is common function to get pure water in the residential and industry.

Education:- Most wide area of this service is education. This is the entry level position. We can include these area in this field.

 Environmental health
 Psychology
 Business Management Sociology
 Computer Management
 Food inspector
 Hazardous Materials

There are so many courses available for environmental services. Diploma in environmental service is also a good degree in abroad. So one who is interested to pursue a career in environmental service, is beneficial.

Sewage Treatment Plant’s Design- Workflow- Significance

The pace of industrialization is exponential that the adverse effect caused by it is contributing to the environmental concerns. Though people are aware of the limitations in water resources, water pollution still prevails. Thousands of gallons of sewage water are being released everyday by numerous factories and industries which adds to the pollution of both land and water sources. Sewage treatment plants do the work of removing the contaminants from sewage water before it getting expelled into environment.

Work Flow and Sewage treatment plant Design

Sewage treatment plant design are simple in their built up and working procedures. The various stages in the sewage treatment have the following process involved in it.

Primary Stage/Sedimentation

The primary stage happens in huge tanks which involves sedimentation of heavy solid waste while liquid impurities like grease, oil floats to the surface. The liquid impurities are then separated from the solid waste by clarifiers and the process is known as clarification.

Secondary Stage/Aeration

Aeration is the part of secondary stage of sewage treatment. It involves the process of sludge activation which is done by pumping air into the tank using large sized fans called aerators. The impure organic contamination in the sewage water has a very high demand for biological oxygen and aeration provides oxygen to bacteria for treating the wastewater. The bacteria help in gathering sludge impurities and it is removed. The aeration tank design and the process of aeration have a direct impact in the efficiency of sewage treatment plant.

Tertiary stage/Disinfection

The tertiary stage in the sewage treatment plant is the disinfection process. The treated sewage water from the earlier stages is disinfected either chemically or physically to remove the toxic contents and thus making it fit to discharge into the local water bodies.

Significance of Sewage treatment plants

Sewage treatment plants play significant part in controlling the water pollution. The contaminated water which is drained makes an imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem and when the untreated water is used for irrigational purposes the fertility of the land is completely lost. The major reason behind the life crisis in some of the underdeveloped countries is because of the absence of proper sewage treatment systems making the state of life miserable.

Maintenance of Sewage treatment plants

As sewage treatment plants functions round the calendar the maintenance schedule of the treatment plant should be strict. The energy should be efficiently used and knowledge about the various machines involved in the treatment process is vital. The machineries like clarifiers and aerators are the most integral part in the treatment process and hence there should be regular inspection in their working condition. There should be no compromise in the quality and maintenance procedures of the machinery used in process as it may lead to lack of efficient functioning. The clarifiers should not get clogged with the solid impurities and the filaments in aeration tanks must be cleaned regularly from the biological built up which not only increases its energy consumption but also reduces the efficiency rates. The aerators should be cleaned from biological growth as it may lead to improper sludge deposition.

How Hazardous Waste Management Is Crucial For a Modern Manufacturing Plant

In many countries such as the USA, environmental protection is given high importance. According to various laws in this country, there needs to be a high degree of awareness and compliance when it comes to hazardous waste management. In today’s circumstances, any countries are generators of waste. Therefore, it has become imperative to assist such companies in what is called waste disposal.

Hazardous waste management is dictated in many countries by law enforcement agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This agency provides for in depth definitions as well as descriptions regarding matters concerning waste disposal such as waste types, levels of waste description, disposal of waste, and recycling of waste. Therefore, companies which need to do business in which the environment can be potentially harmed need to go for approvals from the EPA in the United States. In other countries, similar agencies exist which have been mandated to protect the environment through law enforcement.

If your company produces material that creates by products that have the potential to do environmental harm, then you need expert waste handling processes that will not only help you preserve the environment, but also help you improve your bottom line through cost mitigation.

It makes no sense if the waste that is produced in your company or manufacturing premises keeps on languishing. The sooner it is removed, the better it will be for your company financially. It’s better to organize regular pick-ups, which are much cheaper to organize than a one-time clean up job.

Moreover, it does not make any sense to store your waste on your factory floor or on the factory premises. This interrupts the workflow process badly and workers spend undue time going around these sectors. The same applies to the waste that is stored outside the factory building. The space occupied by this waste can be utilized for more constructive purposes.

Many countries impose heavy fines and even lawsuits on companies and individuals who store waste hap hazardously. Since exposure to stored waste can be dangerous to workers, it is in the best interests of all that this offensive waste is removed as fast as possible. Exposing your workers to waste can make your employees sick and create low morale, which can slow down production in your factory.

Many companies offer hazardous waste disposal services. As part of these services, you can expect companies to fully understand all methods of hazardous waste handling. These companies are also expected to draw a comprehensive waste disposal plan that is in line with your company’s objectives. At the same time, you will need to ensure that you are protected against liability.

To conclude, ensure that your company complies with the waste regulations. Ensure that your company does not break any rules regarding waste regulation. Take the help of waste disposal companies that will ensure systematic waste disposal for your company.

How to Avoid Disaster While Preparing a Feasibility Study Report

Introduction

If you are an entrepreneur, then one of your primary goals is to make your new venture succeed. Your new venture can include a product or service; however, you will need to convince other people to finance your project or initiative. However, before you move forward with your idea, you will need to show that your idea is practicable and viable. For this, a feasibility study or analysis is essential.

Feasibility assessment – To determine business practicality
A feasibility assessment includes many aspects that will demonstrate that your business idea is practicable and realistic while there is an established market for your business needs. At the same time, you will need to demonstrate that your business execution plan is workable.

How to avoid disaster

A feasibility study thus provides a significant return on investment if properly executed. However, a poorly conceived study or poorly executed report can prove to be disastrous. Such a report can prevent you from raising money or capital. There are greater and hidden costs of improper studies. This is actually the cost that you will pay from pursuing the wrong opportunity. Hence proper analysis can help you prevent many of the risks that are associated with a new venture. Such studies ensure that you are presented with the best business opportunity.

Mistakes with feasibility studies

Many people make mistakes with their feasibility studies. They may mistake market research data with intelligence or even fail to pay attention to key business issues. They also fail to conduct preliminary studies before they can implement the study report. At the same time, many people to implement the feasibility study without expert assistance.

Reduction of risk

You should always remember that a feasibility report is created so that the risk to the business can be reduced and the viability of the project can be ascertained. Thus, as soon as you realize that a business can be carried out profitably, can the idea be carried forward and established firmly. Thus, a feasibility report is not merely just an investigation, but at the same time, it is a plan or framework about how the business project will be implemented.

Conclusion

Hence, the feasibility study consists of important steps that are a part of business development. It is used to determine the potential of success of a business venture. Hence, the success of a feasibility study is carried out after careful identification of all the possibilities, risks, and important aspects that are required for the success of any business.

Due Diligence – A Crucial Part of Organizational Best Practice

Due diligence is an important concept that comes into play during a deal process, especially when identifying good potential partners and engaging them in preliminary round of discussion. Once the concerned partners move beyond this early round of negotiations or discussions, the process then moves in to the due diligence phase. During this phase, the partners become interested in various legal, technical, scientific, and other strategic resources so that they can delve deeper into the opportunity. At this crucial juncture, the negotiations can make or break the deal. Here, due diligence consulting and due diligence services can be of great help. Hence, some of the key factors for mentioning due diligence is as below:

Communications factors: The due diligence phase involves a clear and open communication factor, during which complicated information is exchanged between both the parties.

Data Rooms: In case the question is about software, a well organized data room can be brought into play, which can help the key players in the deal to access important and sensitive data. A well-organized data room also means that the diligence process is competitive as well as professional. Having a clearly organized data room allows partners to quickly find the answers to key questions while allowing the seller to control access to potentially sensitive data. Beyond logistics, having a well-prepared data room also communicates to potential partners that the process is competitive and professional.

Restricted access: It is also necessary to allow serious partners to access your data, but at the same time, they need to be restricted from accessing more sensitive data. The data room as described above needs to be divided into various areas or tiers so that those partners which have completed initial due diligence are given access to more sensitive tiers.

Non-Binding Term Sheet: In most cases, companies need to submit a non-binding term sheet before getting full-access so that it can be ensured that the opportunity is being taken seriously. You can also involve communication of timelines that will help in avoiding issues such as a protracted diligence process that is not productive.

Conclusion:

Thus, leading the partners through a due diligence process is a thorough indicator of a positive chance of success as this is often a point where negotiations break down. You can follow general best practices and expect clear communication about the expectations from both sides. This will help you successfully progressing through the next phase of the deal. Many companies offer due diligence consulting and due diligence services so that the deal can go through and the expectations on both sides can be honoured.

Reverse Osmosis Plants – a Boon in Today’s Times

Introduction

A reverse osmosis plant is actually a plant that deionises water through the principle of reverse osmosis. Many of you might find the term difficult to understand, but the basics of the process are really simple to comprehend. Reverse osmosis utilizes water pressure and semi-permeable membranes to remove contaminants from drinking water and provide pure and clear water.

The principle of osmosis

However, before full understanding the process of reverse osmosis, it is necessary to understand the process of osmosis. This is a naturally occurring phenomenon, wherein a weaker saline solution tends to migrate to a strong saline solution as is in the case of plant roots which absorb water from the soil and human kidneys which absorb water from blood. This is based on the natural principle that a less concentrated solution has a natural tendency to migrate to a solution that has a higher concentration.

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis is the process of osmosis that happens in reverse. In this case, energy is applied to the more saline solution to allow water to pass through but not dissolved salts, chemicals, bacteria, and other pryogens. Thus, by pushing the water through the reverse osmosis membrane with the help of pressure higher than the natural osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis is achieved.

Reverse Osmosis Plant

A reverse osmosis plant consists of a high pressure pump to increase the pressure on the salt side of the RO membrane and force water across the RO membrane. This leaves behind around 95% to 99% of salts, organic particles, colloids, etc. in the reject stream. If the salt concentration of the feed water is higher, greater pressure will be required to overcome the osmotic pressure. The desalinated water which is demineralised is called the permeate or the product water, while the water that did not pass through the RO membrane is called the reject or concentrate stream.

A reverse osmosis plant actually consists of several components. These include a pre-filter, a post filter, RO membrane, and a storage tank. The pre-filter accepts piped city water or well water and filters out all the sediment and contaminants that can cause harm. However, the membrane does the actual filtering work. This is a semi-permeable membrane, which means that particles above a certain molecular size cannot pass through it. Thus water molecules can pass through the membrane but larger particles such as contaminants and others cannot pass through it. Once the water is filtered by the membrane, it is conveyed to the storage tank that stores the water. Any particles that remain at this stage are filtered out by the post filter. Thus, routine maintenance of the RO plant is necessary.

Reverse Osmosis Benefits

Today, many water sources have become polluted. This pollution is caused due to pollutants like chemicals, fertilizers, industrial waste, and household contaminants that can seep into rivers and other water sources. Clean water can be obtained through various means which require external intervention. For example, one can add chlorine to water for purification, but it leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. However, reverse osmosis does not require the addition of any chemical and is essentially a superior technology than others.

Turn Waste Into Wonders

Biogas is a gas produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter. Biogas is produced when waste such as sewage waste, kitchen waste, agricultural waste is treated.

Design of biogas plants

Various designs of biohazard plant are used in different places. Biohazard plant design can be basically divided into categories according to the scale for which it is being built. These can be-

1. Small scale plant design - for domestic and household purposes.

2. Community plant design - village sized or even complexed designs

3. Large scale plant design - for large scale agricultural or commercial use.

The basic purpose of biogas plant is to convert waste into biogas. Biogas plant design must utilize latest technologies and use appropriate tools. Biogas plant design can be customized according to the needs of the user. It must be economically viable. It must comply with various Norms that are provided by regulatory authorities. Designs are mostly based on two concepts -

1- Floating Drum biogas plant

2- Underground Dome plant

In order to design a biogas plant it is needed that those biogas requirements are known. This will make sure that gas is produced continuously without interruption.

Raw material required also is important for customizing biogas plant design.

Digester is designed from masonry in a hole in the ground. A bacterium is used to decompose the waste material to convert it into methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and hydrogen. A gas holder holds the gas after it leaves the digester. It is thus influenced by the digester ‘design. In the slurry mixing tank water is mixed with water and fed to the digester. The outlet tank takes the slurry to the field or slurry pit.

Advantages of a biogas

Biogas advantages are many. It is beneficial for the environment since any biodegradable waste can be used. Biogas plants lower the methane emissions as it traps the harmful gases. Then it is used as fuel. Water borne diseases are also reduced. 

Role of biogas in today's time has gained a lot of significance.

- Biogas can help reduce cost of cooking fuel significantly. It helps replace firewood, charcoal and kerosene.

-Cooking using biogas is much easy and fast. It does not take much time to heat up the biogas stove.

-Biogas is easy and clean. It protects from the danger of indoor air pollution.

-Biogas converts household waste or manure into gas for cooking and lighting. Thus it advantages include waste management. This helps in maintaining hygiene.

-Biogas helps to reduce use of firewood thus reduces deforestation and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. This is because biogas is a renewable source of energy. This has positive effect on climate and environment. It is non-polluting.

Other biogas advantages include

- It helps in creating jobs at rural level.

- Use of biogas protects women and children from exposure to smoke in kiiand thus help improve health conditions.

- Use of biogas can even replace chemical fertilizer.

- It can serve as decentralized source of power generation.

- Technology is cheaper and simpler than other bio fuels.

The Importance of a Multi Level Water Recycling System

In addition to the economy, wastewater recycling is of utmost ecological importance.

When we talk about recycling, we soon think of aluminum cans, glass bottles and newspapers and everything else, but water can also be recycled. Water recycling is a reuse of treated wastewater for purposes other than direct consumption, such as agricultural use and landscape irrigation, industrial processes such as washing and cooling machinery, discharging toilets and refilling basins of groundwater, among other applications generally for non-potable use, is very important in several aspects.

Recycling water is an important means of saving both financially and ecologically and can be applied on a large scale, such as in industries or on smaller scales, such as in your own home through water recycling systems such as rainwater harvesting.

Applications of the Result of a Water Recycling System

We can replace drinking water from public water networks using a water recycling system, which we usually use for non-consumer uses, for recycled water, for agriculture, irrigated outdoor & landscaping, or public places such as parks. Other non-durable applications of a water recycling system include cooling water for power plants and oil refineries, industrial process water for installations such as paper mills and carpet paints, flushing cleaning, dust control, construction activities, concrete mixing and artificial lakes.

Water is sometimes recycled and reused in the same place, for example, when an industrial facility recycles the water used for cooling processes or collecting rainwater. A common type of recycled water is water that has been reclaimed from municipal sewage or sewage.

Indirect Reuse in a Water Recycling System

Wastewater treatment can be tailored to meet water quality requirements. Recycled water for landscape irrigation requires less treatment than recycled water for consumption, as it maintains a high concentration of organic matter and mineral salts, using only the removal of pathogenic factors and toxic elements and meeting the needs of plants.

Although most water recycling systems have been developed to meet the demands of non-potable water, several projects use indirectly recycled water for potable purposes. These projects include a recharge of groundwater aquifers and the increase of surface water reservoirs with recycled water. In groundwater recharge projects, recycled water can be disseminated or injected into aquifers of groundwater and groundwater to increase groundwater supply and prevent intrusion of salt water into coastal areas.

Types of recyclable water

Grey water

Gray Water is the generic term given to the water of showers, bathtubs, laundries and bathroom sinks in your home. Properly treated by a water recycling system, this water can now be recycled and reused for irrigation of interiors and landscaping and discharges of toilets.

Black water

Blackwater is the term used for biological wastewater, such as the public sewage collection network. This water can and should be treated before returning to the natural stream, before returning to rivers and aquifers.

This type of wastewater recycling is much more complex, and has large-scale and long-term planning, targeting the entire ecosystem and the path of these waters. Using various chemical and physical processes, the treatment of these waters is essential to avoid the pollution of the environment by biological waste.

What is the Importance and How Does an Effluent Treatment Plant Work

Applying environmental awareness in the treatment of liquid waste

The effluent treatment plant design, is the main investment for anyone who wants to start treating the liquid waste produced by your company. The installation of an effluent treatment plant is necessary since, if liquid waste is not properly treated before being returned to the environment, it can cause irreversible damage to nature.

Inadequate disposal of effluents is responsible for polluting and contaminating not only soil or water, but also the ecosystems present in those sites that directly impact human health. In addition, effluent treatment laws at the international, federal, state and municipal levels are increasingly stringent, as well as the environmental awareness of customers, who are now giving preference to companies that are concerned with sustainability and have their own system Of effluent treatment plan.

What are Industrial Effluents?

Industrial effluent is the dumping of liquid waste pollutants from manufacturing processes that range from waste from the industrial processes themselves, to domestic sewage. That is, it is all water that is used in an industry and that then needs to be discarded and treated by an effluent treatment plan.

The industries that produce effluents and, consequently, must implement etp plant design, are the automotive industry, breweries, distilleries, dyeing, cosmetics, mining, pharmaceutical, food, animal feed, hygiene and cleaning industries.

An industry can use water for a variety of purposes, such as for washing the factory floor or some equipment in the production process, for incorporation into the product itself and for cooling systems and steam generators. In all of these uses, the industry is producing liquid waste that needs to be treated by an effluent treatment plant before being thrown into the wild.

This wide variety of industries and industrial activities can generate liquid waste with different characteristics, and in order to carry out the treatment and implement the appropriate effluent plant design, the company needs to know the effluent it is producing. For this, it is necessary to know certain particularities of the tailing, such as the volume produced and the specific composition, which involves toxicity, quantity of pollutant loads and organic load, presence of contaminants, concentration of components, among other aspects.

Implementation and operation of an effluent treatment plant

There are numerous processes involved in effluent treatment plant, such as physical, chemical, biological, batch and flow processes. There are also several types of reactors, such as fixed bed reactors, fluidized or expanded bed and sludge blanket. In order to determine which type of process and reactor is most suitable for each industry, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the effluent produced and to adapt to the needs of the company in question.

The biological treatment consists of removing the organic matter present in the liquid waste by two modes: anaerobic or aerobic processes. The aerobic process is characterized by the use of activated sludge, aerated lagoons, among other techniques, while the anaerobic process is marked by the use of biofilms, biocontactors and some lagoons. Physical treatment is responsible for removing suspended solids through separations such as filtration, flotation, and sedimentation. Finally, the chemical treatment promotes the removal of pollutants through the addition of chemical reagents and the consequent chemical reaction promoted by them, such as coagulation processes, oxidation, pH neutralization and chlorination for disinfection.

Effluent Treatment Plant to preserve our environment

Water is polluted because of industrial waste. Industries emit a lot of waste substances which when disposed get contaminated with water and become a serious threat for the environment. Water is among the most important resources for our living and we cannot afford to pollute the water. Polluting the water causes serious damage to the water habitat and the overall ecosystem. Water should not be wasted and it should be treated with effluent treatment plant and it should be preserved, and saved to be used later. It’s quite challenging to save our water being polluted from industrial resources for a healthy habitat and for our own use.

Industrial pollution has been a big menace lately. With the country developing at a rapid pace, industries are sprouting in every suburb as well as urban regions. Whatever industry it may be, they pollute the environment with synthetic and chemical substances that are harmful to the environment. The challenge is to keep the industrial waste separate from the water flow. Environmental engineers also play a big role in preserving the environment. They are involved in effluent treatment plant projects and advise industries on way how not to pollute the environment and preserve it. Industries pollute natural resources like air, water and land to a great extent that it becomes unusable. These are the very essential fabric of our living and we definitely cannot afford it.

As the waste water exits the industrial area, it flows through the agricultural land and later into the natural water resources. While it flows through the agricultural lands, the soil gets polluted and barren. The once yielding land becomes barren and doesn’t yield crops anymore. It would be a big blow for the farmers and economy if proper care is not taken to dispose the industrial waste from the industries.

The ultimate solution for this situation is to treat the water and convert it into pure water before it is disposed into the natural water resources. During the preliminary treatment of water, the solid substances like oil, greases that float over the water are first removed. This step is quite common across industries, households and civil terminals. During this step certain insects and biological activities are also removed from the water.

During the secondary step the water is allowed to pass through aerators where oxygen is passed into the water. The reason for passing oxygen is that the chemical structure of the water will be preserved. Also, a certain amount of chlorine is added to the water. This process is called as chlorination. The amount of chlorine that is added depends on the pH value of the water. Further, the water is separated from hard water and soft water. The hard water is passed on to re-circulate to further remove impurities and the soft water is carried over to the next step of purification.The semi-purified water is allowed to pass through a tertiary treatment. During this phase thick materials like paints, oils, greases and other chemical substances are separated from the water. In this phase organic matter is passed to purify the water.

Effective steps need to be taken in-order purify water through effluent treatment plant manufacturers before it is allowed to pass on into the natural water resources. It helps to save and preserve our environment.

How to Protect Our Environment From Danger Using Environment Engineering Services | Chokhavatia Associates

Our environment is in danger of being polluted by the contaminants from chemical factories and other industries. When the environment gets polluted automatically our living conditions are affected. Pollution to the environment leads to an unhealthy lifestyle and is also the cause for spreading diseases. Therefore proper precautions are necessary to save the environment from pollution resulting from industries and big corporations by implementing environmental engineering projects.

Industries pollute our environment

Big chemical industries are the leading cause of polluting our environment. Part of the reason is, when setting up an industry important elements like land location and surrounding environment is not taken into consideration. If an industry is not planned well during the construction phase with the expert advice of environmental engineer, there are high chances for our environment to get polluted and causing severe damage to the inhabitants.

Preserving our land, water and air

Land, air and water is what we talk about when we mention about environment. These are the natural resources that we use in our daily walk of life. The chemical industries spoil the very fabric of our environment therefore it is essential that Environmental Engineering Services are considered. Whether it is land, air or water, they pollute these natural resources if proper care is not taken. As a result, the vegetation is affected. Crops do not yield well since the land is polluted with chemical and poisonous substance. The industrial waste that is dissolved in the river and lakes pollute the water resources. The aquatic life is severely affected and many of the fishes die because of the pollutants and poisonous substance mixed in water. Environmental engineering projects can help to save our land, water and air by carefully designing and constructing industries without affecting the environment.

Role of Environment Engineers

Environmental engineers are well versed in the subjects of environment. They can overlook the engineering projects and can certify that the construction and maintenance of industries in a particular place is safe to the environment. Environmental engineers have the skills and knowledge to protect

our environment. They can also help industries to build and construct with the approval of an environmental engineer.

Finally, we have to realize that there cannot be any compromise in saving our environment from industrial pollution and waste. It is essential for industrial companies to hire the service of an environmental engineer to overlook project and further certify that the construction of industry is safe to the environment.

Chokhavatia Associates is a Top Notch Engineering Consultants & Wastewater Management Company in India. For over 35 years, Chokhavatia Associates has been delivering world-class, award-winning design solutions with all the creativity and innovation that are at the heart of our business. We have worked with 700+ clients on over 1000+ global projects across various Enterprises, Industries, Private sectors and Governments.

Why You Should Consider the Characteristics of Effluent During Effluent Treatment Plant Design

There are certain important factors that one should take into consideration while designing an effluent treatment plant. This article will discuss about etp plant design.

The characteristics of the effluent that you should consider are the flow of the effluent along with the biological and chemical properties that have the potential to affect the quality of the effluent.

First of all, decide on the size of the effluent treatment plant design; it actually depends on the inflow into the plant estimated through cubic meters / day almost everywhere in the world. It is necessary to get the right number in terms of the inflow as this will directly influence the hydraulic computations. This also helps to determine the correct size of the conveyors and pipes.

Also, take proper precautions to take into consideration the increase in effluent in foreseeable future. The effluent treatment plant design should be scalable to handle the increasing inflow.

There are also possibilities of seasonal variations that affect the size of inflow. For instance, the inflow could be more during the day than at night. Often time, the inflow is exceedingly more during rainy seasons. You may need to stabilize the inflow of the content so that you may protect the functioning of the treatment process downstream.

The stabilization of effluent can be achieved through the use of equalization tanks. Another benefit of the equalization plant is to decrease the toxic content by mixing with less toxic effluent in the equalization tank.

Also, ensure that the effluent treatment plant handles shock load pretty well during festival times like Christmas, New Year or Ramzan.

So far we discussed about the inflow of effluent into the plant. Now, some physical characteristics of the effluent also influence in the design of the plant. For example, the color of the effluent, temperature and odor influence effluent plant design.

Temperature is an important aspect while treating the effluent. Unfavourable temperature can affect the biological and chemical process of treating the effluent. It can affect the solubility of important gases such as oxygen. A higher temperature promotes various reactions and also supports the solubility of gases like oxygen.

If the temperature of the effluent is maintained at 35 degree Celsius the biological and chemical process may be slowed down or become inactive. In such cases, building the plant underground or introducing other measure like anaerobic digestion to maintain high temperature need to be considered.

Presence of elements like inorganic chemicals, toxins and heavy metals need special treatment process.

The other factors that need to be considered are the odor and color of the effluent; they indicate the absence of pre-treatment before discharging into the sewerage network.

In case the effluent water is of low quality, complex design may be required.

Why waste water treatment is important for our environment | Chokhavatia Associates

The surrounding of our houses and workplaces are our environment.

We have to take the responsibility to keep our environment safe and prevent it from pollution. Our environment can be in great danger if we are not taking proper precautions through wastewater treatment before it can be released back into the environment. Drastic efforts like depletion of fishes, water habitat and eradication of species are some of the common hazards caused due to environmental pollution. Let’s see some of the waste water treatment in India and how it can be safely released back to the environment for a healthy habitat.

What is waste water?

If you are curious about how the waste water is treated, before that, you might actually need to know what this waste water is really. Waste water is the water that drains from the kitchen sinks, baths, showers, toilet and industrial waste. This waste water is collected in big tanks for the process of segregating waste materials. Once the water is collected in huge tanks, the solids and waste substances settle down in the bottom, while the oil and fat substances float on top of the water.

Waste Water Treatment

The waste water goes through a series of steps before the harmful substances are completely removed from them. Sludge is formed after the waste water is left to remain in huge tanks. This sludge is removed for further treatment to make it harmless to the environment. The water is moved to secondary waste water treatment process for further processes.

During the next process, micro organisms are introduced into the tanks to decompose small elements that remain in the base of the waste water. It is also aerated with oxygen for cleansing process. The sludge that remains in the bottom is scraped and removed while the left over waste water is moved to tertiary treatment.

During the last level of waste water treatment harmful chemical substance like nitrogen and other are removed from the waste water. Once the waste water is designated to be environmentally safe it is then drained into rivers, water irrigation and agricultural lands.

Environmental Hazards

Talking about the environmental hazards, if the waste water is not treated properly it can lead to dissolved oxygen levels that affect the habitat of fishes and other aquatic life.

• Excessive levels of chemical substances like nitrogen or phosphorus can be poisonous, deplete oxygen level and affect marine life.
•  Further, chemicals like chlorine can be harmful to invertebrates like algae and fish.
•  Bacteria and viruses can cause severe damage to life inside water, reduce human recreation, water consumption & consuming shell fish.
•  Certain metals like mercury, cadmium and lead can have high degree of toxic effects to water species. 
•  Pharmaceutical and daily use personal products that enter into the environment can cause human health effects, threats to aquatic life and wildlife
• The wastewater treatment in India successfully removes the contaminants through a series of process. The end process consists of water that is free from chemical and microorganisms and is considered to be environmentally safe. The water is drained into water bodies like rivers, irrigation or agricultural lands for use.

We are at Chokhavatia Associates Waste water Management company. We mainly offers Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETPs), Sewage treatment plant (STP) ,Effluent treatment plant (ETP) design & development Services. You need more information about our projects and plant please visit here: chokhavatia.com 

Wastewater Treatment plant – How it works?

Waste water needs treatment. Otherwise it can pollute your environment easily. Pollution can further lead to health issues, depletion of marine habitat, etc. For the most part, our environment can manage itself in recycling the water resources. However, it can handle only up to a certain extent. That is why, it is essential to process the water in waste water treatment plant to remove the pollutants and save the environment.

RO Water Treatment
There are several waste water treatment plants that are designed for a particular purpose. The RO water treatment plant is used to treat the water for drinking purposes. It utilizes the reverse osmosis process for cleansing the water and removing unwanted particles. It operates in a sustained pressure mode until all the water is passed through the device.

Demineralised Water Treatment Plant

The demineralised water treatment plant removes the minerals from the water through the process of ion exchange. Demineralization goes through the process of distillation, deionization, membrane filtration, electro dialysis and other technologies. As most of the content in water are salts, the process of deionization can produce pure water after all the chemical substances is absorbed. It is often the proven system of water treatment to produce pure water for consumption.

Waste Water Treatment Plant

The waste water need to be treated in plants before they can be disposed into the environment. They carry harmful substances that have the effect to deteriorate the environment. These harmful substances need to be treated in wastewater treatment plant to be purified and made suitable for land use. We live so close to the water, therefore it is highly essential that water is treated for hygienic reasons. It can preserve the environment, keep the fishes from dying or spoil a recreation area.

The waste water goes through a series of steps before it is completely free from pollutants and ready to be discharged. First of all, it is allowed to settle in large tanks, where the solid waste gets settled in the bottom of the tanks. These waste also called as sludge is removed and sent for further processing. The water is transferred to the next step of water treatment process.

Disinfectant

Chemicals like chlorine are added as a disinfectant to remove the second level of pollutant from the water. The dosage of chlorine depends on the amount of pollutants in the waste water, dosages of 5 to 15 milligrams per litre is common. The bactericidal effects of chlorine are highly dependent on the pH value, contact time, effluent temperature and organic content.

The water treatment consultants play a pivotal role in planning a water resource requirement for a business house. Whatever may be the requirement they can provide a solution that is environmentally safe and meets their requirement perfectly. The water treatment consultants have the knowledge and expertise that can help a business or an industry to plan their water supply and ensure that it is sufficient for their use.

Through the process of RO purifier, demineralization and adding chlorine disinfectant the polluted water is turned into pure water that is safe for consumption or to be used for land or irrigation purpose.

Sewage Water Treatment Process | Chokhavatia Associates

Sewage water needs to be treated in the sewage plant before it can be drained into the environment. Careful measures need to be taken. If not, it can lead to harmful effects in the environment. Health issues, water pollution are some of the problems that are caused by the sewage water if not treated properly.

The sewage is the waste water that is collected from wash basins, toilets, baths, washing machines and industrial waste. They are treated through a series of steps until it’s treated and finally drained back into environment when it’s considered to be safe.

Screening

Screening is the initial process in sewage water treatment. The sewage system makes use of the septic tank that collects and stores the sewage water. The solids settle down and the remaining water is sent downstream for processing through 6 inch to 4 inch pipeline. Such a process is called a decentralized system where every house’s sewage is treated in separate septic tanks.

During the screening process, large objects like diapers, tampons, sanitary items, face wipes, plastics and rags are removed to prevent from any blockage in the downstream to the sewage plant. Items like grit are removed using special equipment that gets washed away into the sewer.

The sewage water treatment can use the gravitational force to get to the sewage treatment plant. In-case if the pipeline excavation is not possible due to hard rocks or any other reason, the sewage water need to be pumped into the pipeline right to the sewage treatment plant. The pipeline measurements range from 6 inches up-to 30 feet of well built concrete tunnels.

Primary Treatment

During the primary treatment, solid waste (human waste) is separated from the waste water and sent to be treated. The wastewater is collected in large settlement tanks, where the solid waste gets settled leaving the water on the surface level. There is also fat that rises to the top and form a crust. The liquid in-between the solids and crust is sent to secondary treatment whereas the solids and the top layer of crust are sent for further treatment periodically.

Secondary Treatment

The water from the primary treatment is placed on large rectangular tanks. Now, oxygen is supplied into this process to encourage the growth of bacteria. The bacteria break the tiny bits of sludge that might have escaped during the previous treatment. It also reduces other pollutant and detergents that might still be mixed with the waste water.

Final Treatment

In this process, the waste water is passed into a settlement tank. Excess sludge is formed again due to the bacterial action. This sludge is repeatedly scraped to remove from the water. Once the sludge is removed, the water is free from pollutants. The water at this stage is completely free from any kind of harmful physical or chemical substance, and it is free to be drained into the river.

The waste water goes through several stages in the sewage treatment plant to make it safe for the environment. The water is thoroughly treated until they make sure that it is clean and pollutant-free before discharging it to the water bodies. One more important factor for screening the sewage water is to prevent any diseases that may be caused due to bacteria, virus or any organisms.

Practices Adopted by Consultants of Environmental While Framing Solutions

Once hired by the enterprises and industrial establishments Consultants of Environmental Solutions, make sure to make all arrangements, so that their patrons can run their business interests profitably; and too without being penalized by the law enforcement agencies for the activities taking place in their premises. Usually, once engaged by the patrons, these consultants initially, do an Environmental Site Assessment; i.e. optical evaluation as well as the document scrutiny of the targeted landed assets besides the immediate surrounding area is been performed. The purpose of such performing such actions is to detect would be environmental concerns besides to determine whether such type of inspections is required or not.

Visual inspection of the property and a complete check of the written documents cannot reveal the complete environmental history; and the state of earth can only be determined after conducting relevant investigations. An expert consultant knows which type of investigation is required, and this depends upon on the nature of services he is providing to his or her patrons. An EM mapping on trivial basis gives enough assistance to consultants regarding visual assessment of the area concerned. Such an action can lead to cracking important information about the past activities taken place in the area, thus, consultants can lay down their plan accordingly. This is indeed a cost effective measure, as any leakage in past can make soil infected, and so the solution provider can take necessary steps in accordance to the environment protection; and with this action their clients are protected from possible legal action my law enforcement agencies.

With introduction of geophysical hardware and software in the market has made work of these consultants and geophysicist easier; on one hand it works faster and on other hand uses minimal manpower, turning entire project cost effective.

Magnetic or G radiometer Mapping

 Practiced since a considerable period by environmental Consultants, magnetic mapping has its own importance in exploring possible actions taken in past, through which water, soil or any other natural resource is been polluted. Naturally, if precaution is taken while deducting the problems prior to start of project will help enterprises in erecting them. As a result, further deterioration is being avoided.

When it comes to soil detection and monitoring searching, environmentalists and consultants take help of a number of instruments, and thanks to the advancement of technology, newer and innovative set of mechanisms is being introduced. Through these technologies, resistivity and seismic surveys are being organized, thus the industries can deduct groundwater pathways found in deep inside ground. The bed rock fractures as well as cavities underground; and there are certain industries whose activities will definitely effect due to such happenings.

With growing industrial activities, and strict international environmental laws requirement of Environmental consultants is increasing every day. It is through their expertise they help industries of all order in establishing their businesses and that too with in legal framework. Environmental Consultants in India Are known for their dedication and teamwork, thus are most sought when compared to their counterparts