Sewage water needs to be treated in the sewage plant before it can be drained into the environment. Careful measures need to be taken. If not, it can lead to harmful effects in the environment. Health issues, water pollution are some of the problems that are caused by the sewage water if not treated properly.
The sewage is the waste water that is collected from wash basins, toilets, baths, washing machines and industrial waste. They are treated through a series of steps until it’s treated and finally drained back into environment when it’s considered to be safe.
Screening is the initial process in sewage water treatment. The sewage system makes use of the septic tank that collects and stores the sewage water. The solids settle down and the remaining water is sent downstream for processing through 6 inch to 4 inch pipeline. Such a process is called a decentralized system where every house’s sewage is treated in separate septic tanks.
During the screening process, large objects like diapers, tampons, sanitary items, face wipes, plastics and rags are removed to prevent from any blockage in the downstream to the sewage plant. Items like grit are removed using special equipment that gets washed away into the sewer.
The sewage water treatment can use the gravitational force to get to the sewage treatment plant. In-case if the pipeline excavation is not possible due to hard rocks or any other reason, the sewage water need to be pumped into the pipeline right to the sewage treatment plant. The pipeline measurements range from 6 inches up-to 30 feet of well built concrete tunnels.
During the primary treatment, solid waste (human waste) is separated from the waste water and sent to be treated. The wastewater is collected in large settlement tanks, where the solid waste gets settled leaving the water on the surface level. There is also fat that rises to the top and form a crust. The liquid in-between the solids and crust is sent to secondary treatment whereas the solids and the top layer of crust are sent for further treatment periodically.
The water from the primary treatment is placed on large rectangular tanks. Now, oxygen is supplied into this process to encourage the growth of bacteria. The bacteria break the tiny bits of sludge that might have escaped during the previous treatment. It also reduces other pollutant and detergents that might still be mixed with the waste water.
In this process, the waste water is passed into a settlement tank. Excess sludge is formed again due to the bacterial action. This sludge is repeatedly scraped to remove from the water. Once the sludge is removed, the water is free from pollutants. The water at this stage is completely free from any kind of harmful physical or chemical substance, and it is free to be drained into the river.
The waste water goes through several stages in the sewage treatment plant to make it safe for the environment. The water is thoroughly treated until they make sure that it is clean and pollutant-free before discharging it to the water bodies. One more important factor for screening the sewage water is to prevent any diseases that may be caused due to bacteria, virus or any organisms.
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